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HelpTest ID: AMLAF Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), FISH, Adult, Varies
Ordering Guidance
This test is only performed on specimens from patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are 31 years of age or older.
This test should NOT be used to screen for residual acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring in patients with AML known to have either t(15;17) with PML::RARA fusion, inv(16) or t(16;16) with MYH11::CBFB fusion, t(8;21) with RUNX1T1::RUNX1 fusion, or t(9;22) with BCR::ABL1 fusion should be performed by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and NOT by FISH testing.
It is recommended that MRD monitoring in AML patients be performed by AML-MRD Flow cytometry rather than FISH testing using individual FISH probe sets. This is particularly true for the deletion/monosomy probe sets (5, 7, 17) which have cutoffs that exceed 10% of nuclei.
If limited AML FISH probes are preferred, order AMLMF / Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Specified FISH, Varies and request specific probes for targeted abnormalities.
This test is intended for instances when the entire AML fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) panel is needed for an adult patient.
If this test is ordered on a patient 30 years of age or younger, this test will be canceled and automatically reordered by the laboratory as AMLPF / Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), FISH, Pediatric, Varies.
If this test is ordered and the laboratory is informed that the patient is 30 years of age or younger AND is on a Children's Oncology Group protocol, this test will be canceled and automatically reordered by the laboratory as COGMF / Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Children's Oncology Group Enrollment Testing, FISH, Varies.
If either (or both) BALAF / B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL), FISH, Adult, Varies; or TALAF / T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma (ALL), Adult, FISH, Varies, is ordered concurrently with this test, the laboratory may cancel this test and automatically reorder as AMLMF / Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Specified FISH, Varies with the following FISH probes: RUNX1T1/RUNX1, PML/RARA, MYH11/CBFB, RPN1/MECOM, DEK/NUP214, D5S630/EGFR1, D7Z1/D7S486, TP53/D17Z1. If an abnormality is identified that would result in reflex testing in this test, the same reflex testing will be performed in the AMLMF. This cancellation is necessary to avoid duplicate testing. The break-apart MLL probe set will still be performed as part of either the adult B-ALL or T-ALL FISH panel.
For testing paraffin-embedded tissue samples from patients with AML/myeloid sarcoma, order MSTF / Myeloid Sarcoma, FISH, Tissue.
Shipping Instructions
Advise Express Mail or equivalent if not on courier service.
Necessary Information
A reason for testing and a flow cytometry and/or a bone marrow pathology report are requested with each specimen. The laboratory will not reject testing if this information is not provided; however, appropriate testing and/or interpretation may be compromised or delayed in some instances. If not provided, an appropriate indication for testing may be entered by Mayo Clinic Laboratories.
Specimen Required
Submit only 1 of the following specimens:
Preferred:
Specimen Type: Bone marrow
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Green top (heparin) or lavender top (EDTA)
Specimen Volume: 2 to 3 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. It is preferable to send the first aspirate from the bone marrow collection.
2. Invert several times to mix bone marrow.
3. Send bone marrow in original tube. Do not aliquot.
Acceptable:
Specimen Type: Whole blood
Container/Tube:
Preferred: Yellow top (ACD)
Acceptable: Green top (heparin) or lavender top (EDTA)
Specimen Volume: 6 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Invert several times to mix blood.
2. Send whole blood in original tube. Do not aliquot.
Useful For
This test should not be used to screen for residual acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Useful at diagnosis for detecting recurrent common chromosome abnormalities in adult patients with AML
An adjunct to chromosome studies in patients with AML
Evaluating specimens in which chromosome studies are unsuccessful
Testing Algorithm
This test includes a charge for the probe application, analysis, and professional interpretation of results for 4 probe sets (8 individual fluorescence in situ hybridization [FISH] probes). Additional charges will be incurred for all reflex or additional probe sets performed. Analysis charges will be incurred based on the number of cells analyzed per probe set. If no cells are available for analysis, no analysis charges will be incurred.
This test is performed as panel testing only using the following analysis algorithm.
The initial diagnostic adult FISH panel includes testing for the following abnormalities using the FISH probes listed:
inv(16) or t(16;16), MYH11/CBFB
t(8;21), RUNX1T1/RUNX1
t(15;17), PML/RARA
11q23 rearrangement, MLL (KMT2A)
If testing was ordered concurrently with a chromosomal study (CHRBM / Chromosome Analysis, Hematologic Disorders, Bone Marrow; or CHRHB / Chromosome Analysis, Hematologic Disorders, Blood), secondary testing will not be performed. Appropriate secondary FISH probes will be recommended if the chromosome results are informative.
If a chromosome study is NOT ordered concurrently, the following secondary panel of FISH probes will be performed when the initial panel is uninformative.
t(6;9), DEK/NUP214
inv(3) or t(3;3), RPN1/MECOM
-5/5q-, D5S630/EGR1
-7/7q-, D7Z1/D7S486
-17/17p-, TP53/D17Z1
t(9;22), ABL1/BCR
Appropriate ancillary probes may be performed at consultant discretion to render comprehensive assessment. Any additional probes will have the results included within the final report and will be performed at an additional charge.
When an MLL (KMT2A) rearrangement is identified, appropriate reflex testing will be performed to identify the translocation partner. Probes include identification of t(4;11)(q21;q23) AFF1::MLL, t(6;11)(q27;q23) MLLT4(AFDN)::MLL, t(9;11)(p22;q23) MLLT3::MLL, t(10;11)(p12;q23) MLLT10::MLL, t(11;16)(q23;p13.3) MLL::CREBBP, t(11;19)(q23;p13.1) MLL::ELL or t(11;19)(q23;p13.3) MLL::MLLT1. In the event an 11q23 translocation is identified by chromosome analysis, only the targeted MLL reflex probe will be performed if applicable.
In the absence of RPN1::MECOM and RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion, when an extra MECOM signal and an extra RUNX1 signal are identified, reflex testing using the MECOM/RUNX1 probe set will be considered at the laboratory's discretion to identify a potential t(3;21)(q26.2;q22) rearrangement. Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
In the absence of RPN1::MECOM fusion, when an extra RPN1 signal is identified, reflex testing using the PRDM16/RPN1 probe set will be considered at the laboratory's discretion to identify a potential t(1;3)(p36;q21). Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
In the absence of RPN1::MECOM fusion, when an extra MECOM signal is identified, reflex testing using the break-apart MECOM probe set will be recommended at the laboratory's discretion to identify a potential variant translocation involving MECOM, t(3;var)(q26.2;?). Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
In the absence of MYH11::CBFB fusion, when an extra CBFB signal is identified, reflex testing may be performed at the laboratory's discretion using the CBFB break-apart probe set to evaluate for the presence or absence of a potential variant translocation involving CBFB, t(16;var)(q22;?). Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
In the absence of PML::RARA fusion, when an extra or atypical RARA signal is identified, testing using the RARA break-apart probe set may be performed at the laboratory's discretion to identify a potential variant translocation involving RARA, t(17;var)(q21;?). Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
In the absence of RUNX::RUNX1T1 fusion, when an extra RUNX1 signal is identified, reflex testing may be recommended at the laboratory's discretion using the RUNX1 break-apart probe set to evaluate for the presence or absence of a potential variant translocation involving RUNX1, t(21;var)(q22;?). Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
In the absence of BCR::ABL1 fusion, when an extra ABL1 signal is identified, reflex testing may be performed at the laboratory's discretion using the ABL1 break-apart probe set to evaluate for the presence or absence of a potential variant translocation involving ABL1, t(9;var)(q34;?). Laboratory discretion may be influenced by available karyotype results.
For more information see:
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Guideline to Diagnosis and Follow-up
Method Name
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Reporting Name
Adult AML, FISHSpecimen Type
VariesSpecimen Minimum Volume
Whole blood: 2 mL; Bone marrow: 1 mL
Specimen Stability Information
| Specimen Type | Temperature | Time | Special Container |
|---|---|---|---|
| Varies | Ambient (preferred) | ||
| Refrigerated | |||
Clinical Information
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common adult leukemias, with almost 10,000 new cases diagnosed per year. AML also comprises 15% of pediatric acute leukemia and accounts for the majority of infant (<1 year old) leukemia.
Several recurrent chromosomal abnormalities have been identified in AML with associated clinical significance. The most common chromosome abnormalities associated with AML include t(8;21), t(15;17), inv(16) or t(16;16), and abnormalities of the MLL (KMT2A) gene at 11q23. The most common genes juxtaposed with MLL through translocation events in AML include MLLT3- t(9;11), MLLT4- t(6;11), MLLT10- t(10;11), and ELL- t(11;19p13.1).
Other recurrent chromosome abnormalities associated with AML include inv(3) or t(3;3), t(6;9) and t(9;22). In addition, AML can also evolve from myelodysplasia (MDS). Thus, the common chromosome abnormalities associated with MDS can also be identified in AML, which include: -5/5q-, -7/7q-, and 17p-. Overall, the recurrent chromosome abnormalities identified in patients with AML are observed in approximately 60% of diagnostic AML cases.
Conventional chromosome analysis is the gold standard for identification of the common, recurrent chromosome abnormalities in AML. However, some of the subtle rearrangements can be missed by karyotype, including inv(16) or t(16;16) and MLL rearrangements.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of nonproliferating (interphase) cells can be used to detect the common diagnostic and prognostic chromosome abnormalities observed in patients with AML.
Reference Values
An interpretive report will be provided.
Interpretation
A neoplastic clone is detected when the percent of cells with an abnormality exceeds the normal reference range for any given probe set.
The absence of an abnormal clone does not rule out the presence of an acute myeloid leukemia clone or another neoplastic disorder.
Clinical Reference
1. Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, et al, eds. WHO Classification of Tumour of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. 4th ed. IARC Press; 2017
2. Dohner H, Estey E, Grimwade D, et al. Diagnosis and management of AML in adults: 2017 ELN recommendations from an international expert panel. Blood. 2017;129(4):424-447. doi:10.1182/blood-2016-08-733196
3. Pollyea DA, Bixby D, Perl A, et al. Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Version 2.2021, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2021;19(1):17-27. doi:10.6004/jnccn.2021.0002
Day(s) Performed
Monday through Friday
Report Available
7 to 10 daysTest Classification
This test was developed and its performance characteristics determined by Mayo Clinic in a manner consistent with CLIA requirements. It has not been cleared or approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.CPT Code Information
88271x8, 88275x4, 88291x1-FISH Probe, Analysis, Interpretation; 4 probe sets
88271x2, 88275x1-FISH Probe, Analysis; each additional probe set (if appropriate)
LOINC Code Information
| Test ID | Test Order Name | Order LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| AMLAF | Adult AML, FISH | 102103-9 |
| Result ID | Test Result Name | Result LOINC Value |
|---|---|---|
| 609518 | Result Summary | 50397-9 |
| 609519 | Interpretation | 69965-2 |
| 609520 | Result Table | 93356-4 |
| 609521 | Result | 62356-1 |
| GC059 | Reason for Referral | 42349-1 |
| GC060 | Specimen | 31208-2 |
| 609522 | Source | 31208-2 |
| 609523 | Method | 85069-3 |
| 609524 | Additional Information | 48767-8 |
| 609525 | Disclaimer | 62364-5 |
| 609526 | Released By | 18771-6 |
Reflex Tests
| Test ID | Reporting Name | Available Separately | Always Performed |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMLAB | Probe, Each Additional (AMLAF) | No, (Bill Only) | No |
Forms
If not ordering electronically, complete, print, and send a Hematopathology/Cytogenetics Test Request (T726) with the specimen.
mcl-fish